Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. The process of converting food into glucose for energy is disrupted in diabetes. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels.

In individuals with type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body doesn't produce enough insulin, and glucose cannot enter the cells effectively. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults.

Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is the most common form of diabetes and is typically diagnosed in adults. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to compensate. This leads to elevated blood sugar levels.

There is also gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy when hormonal changes can cause insulin resistance. While it typically resolves after childbirth, it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Managing diabetes involves maintaining blood sugar levels within a target range through a combination of medication (such as insulin injections or oral medications), a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels. It's essential for individuals with diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan to keep their condition under control.

Now, why stress hormones? Because when we’re stressed, it's not supposed to be because we’ll have an exam in half an hour. In nature, we’re supposed to be stressed because there's a bear in front of us in the forest. And we have to prepare because of the bear to either run away or climb a tree or, if we’re really crazy, fight with the bear.

So the body prepares us for that and the stress hormones, what they do is, they cause a series of changes such as perspiration; it makes us slippery if we fight with someone. It makes our heart pound and breathe faster to help us run. It will make us have tremor cause we’re ready to move very fast. If I ask you to go and get a ball under the balcony and, as you're walking under the balcony, I say “By the way, be careful there's big spiders under the balcony.” You’ll become nervous and if any grass touches you, you’ll be very fast to move. So that's useful when we fight. So there's a series and we become white like a sheet so that we don't bleed if were scratched. So all these things are useful, but also the body, with stress hormone, increases the sugar levels tremendously in the blood so that our muscles will have a lot of sugar as we run. When hypoglycemia occurs, the body knows that.

So by giving out stress hormones, it makes the sugar come up in the blood, which is the desired action. But the stress hormones, they don't know they're there just to make the sugar go up. They do all of their actions so the person with hypoglycemia, will sweat, will have tremor, will have the heart pounding, will feel nervous without knowing why. So these unnecessary symptoms actually become very useful because it will allow the person with diabetes having hypoglycemia to recognize it and to treat it in time.